Executive takeaways
- Distinguish implementation, outcome and causal questions.
- Choose a credible comparison strategy when estimating impact.
- Plan use, ethics and dissemination before collecting data.
Specify the question
A monitoring system tracks delivery and indicators. A process evaluation examines implementation. A performance evaluation reviews results and contribution. An impact evaluation asks what difference an intervention made compared with a credible counterfactual.
Design for credibility and feasibility
Review the theory of change, available data, timing, sampling and ethical constraints. Experimental and quasi-experimental methods require appropriate design conditions. Qualitative evidence can explain mechanisms, implementation and who is included or excluded.
Support programme learning
Present findings, uncertainty and limitations together. Distinguish evidence from interpretation and connect recommendations to decisions about targeting, delivery, design or scale. Study-specific consent and confidentiality arrangements should protect participants.
Scope and method
Research-design guidance based on IDER’s supplied service framework; no empirical study or market forecast. This guide contains no empirical estimates, performance claims or investment recommendations.
Citation
Institute of Development and Economic Research (2026). Choose an evaluation design around the programme decision. IDER Research Planning Guides.